Education
Ph D, Industrial Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 2011
MS, Industrial Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, 2007
BS, Mathematics, John Carroll University, 2005
Natalie Michele Scala
Professor, Department of Business Analytics and Technology Management
Currently Teaching
- Spring: EBTM720.101 - SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYTICS
Areas of Expertise
Decision Modeling
Elections SecurityMilitary ApplicationsSpare Parts ManagementCybersecurityEnergy UtilitiesSelected Publications and Presentations
- Analysis of Security Behaviors of Supply Chain Professionals,
Publisher: Institute of Industrial and Systems Engineers, May, 2024 - Understanding the Impact of Poll Worker Cybersecurity Behaviors on U.S. Election Integrity,
Publisher: Institute of Industrial and Systems Engineers, May, 2024 - Voting Perceptions and the Impact of Misinformation,
Publisher: North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), April (2nd Quarter/Spring), 2024 - How long will it take to rebuild the Key Bridge following its collapse?,
Publisher: , March, 2024 - Port of Baltimore businesses pivot after Key Bridge collapse: ‘We’re already making alternative plans’,
Publisher: , March, 2024 - Cybersecurity is everyone’s business,
Publisher: , March, 2024 - Banner political notes: Mayor debate next week; feeding bills to the sharks; Baltimore and Senate endorsements,
Publisher: , February, 2024 - Survey seeks to identify issues with voting process in Anne Arundel County,
Publisher: , February, 2024 - Protecting Maryland’s Mail Voting Processes through Poll Worker Training,
Publisher: Baltimore Business Review: A Maryland Journal, January (1st Quarter/Winter), 2024 - Teaming up to improve Maryland elections: new survey looks to streamline voting processes and increase voter turnout,
Publisher: , January (1st Quarter/Winter), 2024 - Statement for the Record,
Publisher: , November, 2023 - Preparing Pollworkers to Secure U.S. Elections,
Publisher: American Society for Engineering Management, October (4th Quarter/Autumn), 2023 - The Gold Standard: Developing a Maturity Model to Assess Collaborative Scheduling ,
Publisher: Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, May, 2023 - Trusted Insiders and the Temptation to Talk: Preventing Unauthorized Disclosures,
Publisher: Baltimore Business Review: A Maryland Journal, January (1st Quarter/Winter), 2023 - Fact check: False claim that mail-in voting is connected to bad actors, fraudulent ballots,
Publisher: , November, 2022 - Election Security Matters in the 2022 Midterms,
Publisher: , November, 2022 - Election security: Simple mistakes outnumber fraud attempts, neither happen enough to affect election outcomes,
Publisher: , November, 2022 - Local registrar says Humboldt County prepared for Election Day disruptions,
Publisher: , November, 2022 - WBAL's Commitment 2022 Preview Special,
Publisher: , November, 2022 - Voter fraud and ballot security,
Publisher: , November, 2022 - What a divided Nebraska town shows about mail-in voting,
Publisher: , October (4th Quarter/Autumn), 2022 - Prioritizing Collaborative Scheduling Practices Based on Their Impact on Project Performance ,
Publisher: Construction Management and Economics, March, 2022 - Mathematics in Cyber Research,
Publisher: CRC Press / Taylor and Francis, February, 2022 - Operations Research,
Publisher: CRC Press / Taylor and Francis, February, 2022 - Evaluating Mail-based Security for Electoral Processes Using Attack Trees,
Publisher: Risk Analysis, January (1st Quarter/Winter), 2022 - Securing Organizations from Within: Opportunities and Challenges with Insiders,
Publisher: Baltimore Business Review: A Maryland Journal, January (1st Quarter/Winter), 2022 - Drop Boxes, Mail-In Voting Are Not Threats to Election Integrity,
Publisher: , January (1st Quarter/Winter), 2022 - Mail-in voting secure, TU study finds,
Publisher: , January (1st Quarter/Winter), 2022 - USA: Postal voting is not a security risk,
Publisher: , January (1st Quarter/Winter), 2022 - Mail-in voting does not increase chance of election fraud – study,
Publisher: , January (1st Quarter/Winter), 2022 - New study finds voting by mail does not increase risk of voting fraud,
Publisher: , January (1st Quarter/Winter), 2022 - Study shows that increased voting by mail does not reduce the security of U.S. elections,
Publisher: , January (1st Quarter/Winter), 2022 - An earful of ideas: 3 seasons of Problem Solved,
Publisher: , December, 2021 - TU election security expert will present to NATO,
Publisher: , October (4th Quarter/Autumn), 2021 - Texas vote restrictions fight fraud - but where is the fraud? ,
Publisher: , October (4th Quarter/Autumn), 2021 - Project Delivery Contract Language, Schedules, and Collaboration,
Publisher: Proc. 29th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction, July (3rd Quarter/Summer), 2021 - Statement for the Record,
Publisher: , June, 2021 - Lessons Unlearned: Misguided Efforts in the Guise of Election Security,
Publisher: INFORMS, June, 2021 - A Process Map and Risk Assessment for Mail-based Voting,
Publisher: Proceedings of the 2021 IISE Annual Conference, May, 2021 - Poll Worker Security: Assessment and Design of Usability and Performance,
Publisher: Proceedings of the 2021 IISE Annual Conference, May, 2021 - Breaking Through to Collaborative Scheduling: Approaches and Obstacles,
Publisher: Construction Industry Institute, April (2nd Quarter/Spring), 2021 - Secure Elections, Misinformed Rhetoric,
Publisher: OR/MS Today, January (1st Quarter/Winter), 2021 - Moving Forward with MAS,
Publisher: Phalanx, December, 2020 - Keeping the election and ballots integrity intact,
Publisher: , November, 2020 - Media Engagements for Elections Security,
Publisher: , November, 2020 - Panic Buying, Stockpiling Returns as COVID Cases Surge,
Publisher: , November, 2020 - Les « poll workers », gardiens anonymes de la démocratie américaine ,
Publisher: , November, 2020 - Keeping the election and ballots integrity intact,
Publisher: , November, 2020 - Local experts address 2020 election security and misinformation threats,
Publisher: , November, 2020 - ‘New phase of cyber warfare’: In 2020, election security and misinformation threats are more domestic than foreign,
Publisher: , November, 2020 - The years of work that went into preparing Towson University for Election Day,
Publisher: , November, 2020 - Towson University professor, Anne Arundel county team up on election cybersecurity training,
Publisher: , October (4th Quarter/Autumn), 2020 - Maryland mail-in ballots at historic levels before Election Day,
Publisher: , October (4th Quarter/Autumn), 2020 - Friday is deadline to request absentee ballot in Virginia, ,
Publisher: , October (4th Quarter/Autumn), 2020 - Towson U trains election judges in election security threats,
Publisher: , October (4th Quarter/Autumn), 2020 - Protecting Maryland’s polling places,
Publisher: , October (4th Quarter/Autumn), 2020 - Where Oklahoma stands in making sure your vote counts,
Publisher: , October (4th Quarter/Autumn), 2020 - Towson University professor aims to bolster local election security at voting sites,
Publisher: , October (4th Quarter/Autumn), 2020 - Researcher explains study results showing mail-in voting is secure,
Publisher: , October (4th Quarter/Autumn), 2020 - Election security concerns after week of reported issues,
Publisher: , October (4th Quarter/Autumn), 2020 - Virtually honoring TU’s community partners,
Publisher: , October (4th Quarter/Autumn), 2020 - Expert: Maryland hasn’t had widespread fraud with in-person or mail-in voting,
Publisher: , September, 2020 - MAS in the Time of COVID,
Publisher: Phalanx, September, 2020 - COVID crisis amid election season: 3 threats to consider before making a very important decision,
Publisher: The Hill, August, 2020 - My How Our Lives Have Changed!,
Publisher: Phalanx, June, 2020 - Schedules and Schedulers: A Study in the U.S. Construction Industry,
Publisher: Engineering Management Journal, April (2nd Quarter/Spring), 2020 - A Model for and Inventory of Cybersecurity Values: Metrics and Best Practices,
Publisher: Handbook of Military and Defense Operations Research, February, 2020 - Handbook of Military and Defense Operations Research,
Publisher: CRC Press, February, 2020 - Empowering Election Judges to Secure our Elections,
Publisher: Baltimore Business Review: A Maryland Journal, January (1st Quarter/Winter), 2020 - MAS Gathers, Celebrates, and Honors at the INFORMS Annual Meeting,
Publisher: Phalanx, December, 2019 - Survey Comparing Critical Path Method, Last Planner System, and Location-Based Techniques,
Publisher: Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, December, 2019 - Risk and the Five Hard Problems of Cybersecurity,
Publisher: Risk Analysis, October (4th Quarter/Autumn), 2019 - Building Toward a Stronger Future Together,
Publisher: Phalanx, September, 2019 - Stronger Together,
Publisher: Phalanx, June, 2019 - Sources of Risk in Elections Security,
Publisher: Proceedings of the Industrial and Systems Engineering Research Conference, May, 2019 - Introducing the New MAS Leadership,
Publisher: Phalanx, March, 2019 - Protecting Maryland's Voting Processes,
Publisher: Baltimore Business Review: A Maryland Journal, January (1st Quarter/Winter), 2019 - Motivation and Analytics: Comparing Business and Engineering Students,
Publisher: INFORMS Transactions on Education, September, 2018 - Eliminating the Weakest Link Approach in Army Unit Readiness,
Publisher: Decision Analysis, June, 2018 - Values and Trends in Cybersecurity,
Publisher: Proceedings of the Industrial and Systems Engineering Research Conference, May, 2018 - In Cybersecurity, Different Professionals Value Different Attributes,
Publisher: Industrial Management, March, 2018 - How Your Expert Thinks Can Determine Methodology,
Publisher: Industrial Management, November, 2017 - A Value Model for Asset Tracking Technology to Support Naval Sea-based Resupply,
Publisher: Engineering Management Journal, June, 2016 - A Review of and Agenda for Cybersecurity Policy Models,
Publisher: 2016 Industrial and Systems Engineering Research Conference, May, 2016 - Cyber as an Emerging Area of Industrial Engineering,
Publisher: Industrial Management, March, 2016 - Analyzing Supplier Quality Management Practices in the Construction Industry,
Publisher: Quality Engineering, March, 2016 - Group Decision Making with Dispersion in the Analytic Hierarchy Process,
Publisher: Group Decision and Negotiation, March, 2016 - Best Practices in Cybersecurity: Processes and Metrics,
Publisher: Baltimore Business Review: A Maryland Journal, January (1st Quarter/Winter), 2016 - Annual Conference Preview,
Publisher: Industrial Management, November, 2015 - Introduction,
Publisher: Industrial Management, September, 2015 - Using Principal Components Analysis for Aggregating Judgments in the Analytic Hierarchy Process,
Publisher: International Symposium on the Analytic Hierarchy Process, June, 2014 - Managing Nuclear Spare Parts Inventories: A Data Driven Methodology,
Publisher: IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, February, 2014 - A Base Stock Inventory Management System for Intermittent Spare Parts,
Publisher: Military Operations Research, September, 2013 - An Inventory Criticality Classification Method for Nuclear Spare Parts: A Case Study,
Publisher: Decision Making in Service Industries: A Practical Approach, August, 2012 - Multi-objective Decision Analysis for Workforce Planning: A Case Study,
Publisher: Industrial Engineering Research Conference, May, 2012 - Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process in Group Decision Making for Nuclear Spare Parts,
Publisher: 31st ASEM National Conference, October (4th Quarter/Autumn), 2010 - Examining Real Time Pricing in Electricity Usage,
Publisher: Industrial Engineering Research Conference, June, 2010 - Influence Diagram Modeling of Nuclear Spare Parts Process,
Publisher: Industrial Engineering Research Conference, June, 2010 - Decision Making and Tradeoffs in the Management of Spare Parts Inventory at Utilities,
Publisher: 30th ASEM National Conference, October (4th Quarter/Autumn), 2009 - Risk and Spare Parts Inventory in Electric Utilities,
Publisher: Industrial Engineering Research Conference, May, 2009 - Decision Modeling and Its Application to Major League Baseball Pitcher Substitution,,
Publisher: 29th ASEM National Conference, November, 2008
Grants & Contracts
- Quantitative Threat Modeling and Risk Assessment in Socio-Technical Critical Infrastructure Systems
Sponsor: Science of Security / National Security Agency, 2026 - Methods to Increase Voter Turnout: A Survey of Anne Arundel County Registered Voters
Sponsor: Anne Arundel County, Maryland, Board of Elections, 2024 - Unauthorized Installation Access
Sponsor: Applied Research Lab for Intelligence and Security, University of Maryland College Park, 2024 - Empowering Secure Elections
Sponsor: Towson University Foundation, 2023 - Modeling United States Poll Worker Behaviors to Secure Elections
Sponsor: CBE Summer Research Grant, 2023 - Preserving the Security and Integrity of Elections through Effective Poll Worker Training
Sponsor: Bernard and Audre Rapoport Foundation, 2022 - Empowering Secure Elections
Sponsor: Towson University BTU, 2022 - Challenges and Opportunities to Promote Collaborative Scheduling in Construction Projects
Sponsor: Construction Industry Institute, 2021 - Anne Arundel Board of Elections Election Judge Training for 2020
Sponsor: Anne Arundel County, Maryland, Board of Elections, 2020 - Vulnerability Management of Voting Systems
Sponsor: CBE Summer Research Grant, 2020 - Protecting Maryland’s Voting Processes
Sponsor: Towson University BTU Enrichment Support, 2019 - Protecting Maryland’s Voting Processes through the Development of Cybersecurity Training Modules for Election Officials
Sponsor: School of Emerging Technologies, 2019 - Value Models for Cybersecurity Metrics
Sponsor: College of Business and Economics Summer Research Grant, 2018 - Cybersecurity Risk Analysis and Management
Sponsor: Intel Corporation, 2017 - Assessing and Standardizing Unit Scoring for Army Readiness
Sponsor: College of Business and Economics Summer Research Grant, 2017 - Breaking Through to Collaborative Scheduling: Approaches and Obstacles
Sponsor: Construction Industry Institute, 2016 - Motivation and Self-Efficacy with Interdisciplinary Analytical Topics: A Comparison Between Business and Engineering Students
Sponsor: College of Business and Economics Summer Research Grant, 2016